In computing, a keyboard shortcut is any of various finite sequences of
input on an input device which, when activated, cause a command or function
to be invoked by software or the operating system on a computer. Keyboard
shortcuts are typically an alternate means for invoking one or more commands
that would otherwise be accessible only through navigating one or more
levels of a user interface or command console.Some keyboard shortcuts
require the user to press a single key or a sequence of keys one after the
other. Other keyboard shortcuts require pressing and holding several keys
simultaneously.
Desktop shortcuts
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
| Activate Menu bar |
Alt, or
F10 |
Ctrl+F2 |
| File menu |
Alt+F |
|
| Edit menu |
Alt+E |
|
| View menu |
Alt+V |
|
| Undo the last operation |
Ctrl+Z |
⌘ Cmd+Z |
| Redo the last operation |
Ctrl+Y |
⇧ Shift+⌘
Cmd+Z |
| Cut the selected area and store it in the clipboard |
Ctrl+X,
or
⇧ Shift+Del |
⌘ Cmd+X |
| Copy the selected area into the clipboard |
Ctrl+C,
or
Ctrl+Ins |
⌘ Cmd+C |
| Paste contents of clipboard at cursor |
Ctrl+V,
or
⇧ Shift+Ins |
⌘ Cmd+V |
| Paste special |
Ctrl+Alt+V |
|
| Select everything in focused control or window |
Ctrl+A |
⌘ Cmd+A |
Text editing
Many of these commands may be combined with
⇧ Shift to select a region of text.
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
| start of line |
Home |
⌘ Cmd+← |
| end of line |
End |
⌘ Cmd+→ |
| start of document |
Ctrl +
Home |
Home (scroll only, cursor not moved) |
| end of document |
Ctrl +
End |
End (scroll only, cursor not moved) |
| previous word |
Ctrl+← |
⌥ Opt+← |
| next word |
Ctrl+→ |
⌥ Opt+→ |
| previous line break |
Ctrl+↑ |
⌥ Opt+↑ |
| next line break |
Ctrl+↓ |
⌥ Opt+↓ |
Web browsers
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
| Bookmarks menu |
Alt+B |
⌘ Cmd+⌥
Opt+B |
| Add a bookmark for the current location |
Ctrl+D |
⌘ Cmd+D |
| Manage bookmarks |
Ctrl+B |
⌘ Cmd+⌥
Opt+B
(Safari) |
| Reload page from cache |
F5, or
Ctrl+R |
⌘ Cmd+R |
| Reload page bypassing cache |
Ctrl+F5,
or
Ctrl+⇧
Shift+R |
⇧ Shift+⌘
Cmd+R |
Go menu
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
| Go to Browser |
|
⌘ Cmd+L |
| Go to the previous location in history |
Alt+←
or
← Backspace(Internet Explorer) |
⌘ Cmd+[
or
⌘ Cmd+← |
| Go to the next location in history |
Alt+→ |
⌘ Cmd+]
or
⌘ Cmd+→ |
| Go up one level in the navigation hierarchy |
Alt+↑(Vista
only) or
← Backspace(Windows Explorer) |
⌘ Cmd+↑ |
| Go to the starting page defined by the user or application |
Alt+Home |
⌘ Cmd+Home |
| Go back a page |
|
⌘ Cmd+{ |
Text formatting
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
| Make selected text bold/regular |
Ctrl+B |
⌘ Cmd+B |
| Toggle underlining of selected text |
Ctrl+U |
⌘ Cmd+U |
| Make selected text italic/regular |
Ctrl+I |
⌘ Cmd+I |
| Change to upper/lower case |
⇧ Shift+F3 |
⌥ Opt+⌘
Cmd+C |
| Make selected text superscript |
Ctrl+⇧
Shift++ |
|
| Make selected text subscript |
Ctrl++ |
|
Window management
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
| Switch to next/previous focused window |
Alt+Tab
⇆ /
⇧ Shift+Alt+Tab
⇆ |
⌘ Cmd+Tab
⇆ /
⇧ Shift+⌘
Cmd+Tab
⇆ |
| Switch focus to the next/previous window (without dialog) |
Alt+Esc
/
⇧ Shift+Alt+Esc |
Ctrl+F4
or
⌘ Cmd+` |
| Pop up window menu |
Alt+Space |
|
| Close the focused window |
Alt+F4
or
Ctrl+F4
or
Alt+Space
then
C or
Ctrl +
W |
⌘ Cmd+W |
| Move the focused window |
Alt+Space
then
M then
Arrow Keys |
|
| Resize the focused window |
Alt+Space
then
S then
Arrow Keys |
|
| Minimize the focused window |
Alt+Space
then
N |
⌘ Cmd+M |
| Maximize the focused window |
Alt+Space
then
X |
|
| Minimize all |
Win+M |
⌘ Cmd+Alt+M |
| Undo minimize all |
⇧ Shift+Win+M |
|
| Switch fullscreen/normal size |
F11 |
|
| Rollup/down window |
|
⌘ Cmd+M |
| Move window to left/right/up/down workspace |
win+ctrl+arrow
keys |
|
| Switch to next/previous desktop |
|
Ctrl+Right
/
Ctrl+Left
(Leopard) |
| Show / hide desktop |
Win+D |
F11 |
| Kill window |
Alt+F4
or
Ctrl+F4 varies [2] |
⌘ Cmd+Q [3] |
| Close dialog |
Esc |
Esc |
Desktop navigation
| Action |
Windows XP/Windows Vista |
Mac OS |
| Run new application |
Win+R |
|
| Open new browser window with same page as current |
Ctrl+N |
⌘ Cmd+N
(Non-default user option in Safari) |
| Start menu / Applications menu |
Win or
Ctrl+Esc |
⌘ Cmd+⇧
Shift+A |
| Copy a screenshot to clipboard |
Print Screen or
Ctrl+Print
Screen |
⌘ Cmd+Ctrl+⇧
Shift+3
(⌘
Cmd+⇧
Shift+3
to create as a file on the desktop) |
| Copy a screenshot of window to clipboard |
Alt+Print
Screen |
⌘ Cmd+Ctrl+⇧
Shift+4
then
Space (⌘
Cmd+⇧
Shift+4
to create as a file on the desktop) |
| Lock desktop |
Win+L
or
Ctrl+Alt+Space |
|
| Show desktop |
Win+D |
F11 |
| Switch active user |
Win+L [4] |
|
| Task manager |
Ctrl+⇧
Shift+Esc,
Ctrl+Alt+Delete[5] |
⌘ Cmd+⌥
Opt+Esc |
| Rename file |
F2 |
↵ Enter |
